The parathyroids are 4 pea-sized glands surrounding the thyroid gland. Hence the name para- meaning "at or to one side of, beside, side by side.'' in Greek. However, parathyroid glands have nothing to do with the thyroid gland itself, or with thyroid hormone production (other than being anatomically close in proximity to each other). The main function of the parathyroid glands is to regulate calcium levels in the blood. They make parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is elevated in hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid hormone production is closely related to vitamin D metabolism and kidney function. Together, they tightly regulate blood calcium and phosphorus levels through actions via the bones, intestines, and the kidneys.
In primary hyperparathyroidism, one or more of the four parathyroid glands become overactive and produce too much parathyroid hormone, resulting in elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia). When someone develops hypercalcemia, it’s important to determine the underlying cause so that it can be properly treated. Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient / clinic setting. Traditional symptoms of advanced primary hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia include fatigue, frequent urination, thirst, bone pain, headaches, nausea, vomiting, constipation, lethargy, depression, memory loss, muscle aches, weakness, cramping, etc. However, nowadays, patients with hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism are usually diagnosed early on in their disease development and oftentimes may have minimal or no symptoms that can be directly attributed to hypercalcemia. Development of hypercalcemia may result in kidney stones and osteoporosis. Treatment options for hyperparathyroidism may include clinical monitoring, vitamin D replacement, parathyroid gland surgery, or in select cases, medications to lower blood calcium levels.
If you have been diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, or vitamin D deficiency, come to Woodbury Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic. Dr. Alfonso has many years of experience treating patients with hyperparathyroidism. He will review in detail your medical history and records with you, order any necessary additional tests, and together determine the best course of action. Call us today at
(612) 425-0958 for an appointment.
